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<p>在一个博客里看见圣彼得堡游记,写得很好,贴出来大家分享</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">圣彼得堡</span> (1)- <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">沼泽地上的城市</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt;"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">圣彼得堡</span> - <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得格勒</span> - <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">列宁格勒</span> - <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">圣彼得堡</span>.<br/><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三百年</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一个轮回</span>.</font></font></p><p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">圣彼得堡</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">自从开始建立那时起</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就注定了是座不平凡的城市</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这根本就不是一座按人民自由意志聚集而发展起来的城市</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这是一座建立在涅瓦河三角洲的一大片沼泽地上的城市</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">谁会自愿地选择在沼泽地上安家落户呢</span> ?</font></font></p><p></p><p><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">晨曦中的涅瓦河三角洲</font></span></p><p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这座城市的缔造者</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是俄国的沙皇彼得大帝</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在彼得继任沙皇之前</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">俄罗斯帝国的首都一直都是莫斯科</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从地理上看</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">俄国的河流大都是南北走向</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这就决定了贸易和人口聚集的分布</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">俄罗斯的文化和宗教也深受南方的拜占廷帝国的影响</span> . </font></font></p><br/><p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼</span><span lang="ZH-CN">
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">得继位后</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他对国家的</span> ” <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亚洲化</span> ” <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">大为不满</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这同他个人的经历密切相关</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得很年轻时便在欧洲游学</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他对德国</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">荷兰和英国的文化</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">建筑</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">美学</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">工艺都大为赞赏</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">更让他羡慕的</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是欧洲国家的海军实力</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年轻的彼得有着称霸的雄心</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">欧洲的游学经历</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">让他看见了航海给北欧国家带来的好处</span>. <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他清楚地认识到</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">没有一支强大的海军</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他的梦想很难实现</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而当时的俄国并没有海军</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">于是</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">当他从瑞典人手里夺取了位于</span> BALTIC <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">海边的涅瓦三角洲</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">便开始在河口修建要塞</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">并着手创建海军</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这就是大名鼎鼎的波罗的海舰队的前身</span> . <br/><br/><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">接着</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得大帝就在此开始建城</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就是今天的圣彼得堡</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在建城完成后</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得大帝迁都至此</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从此以后的二百年</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">圣彼得堡取代莫斯科成为俄罗斯的首都</span>.</font></font></p><br/><p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这是今日看见的</span>ETER AND PAUL FORTRESS (<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得保罗要塞</span>)</font></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1703 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年是圣彼得堡的奠基年</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">要在沼泽地上建城</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">那谈何容易</span> ? 300 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年前的俄国</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在沙皇的统治下</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有着大量的农奴</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得大帝驱使了近十万的农奴</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">工匠</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">罪犯</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">战俘等</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硬是在泥泞的沼泽地上建起了城市的地基</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而许多的劳力</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">也把自己的骨头留在了地基里</span> . </font></p><p><br/><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为了保证建城顺利</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼得大帝曾下令</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">当时俄国其他地方禁止用石头造房子</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">把石头都集中到涅瓦河畔充当地基</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">凡是从外地来这里的船只</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">都要交税</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这个税不是钱币</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而是石头</span> !! <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">大船要随船运交</span> 30 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">块石头</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">小船要交</span> 10 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">块石头</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">每块的重量不得少于</span> 10 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">磅</span> !</font></font></p><p><br/><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这</span><span lang="ZH-CN">
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个彼得</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">智力超群</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">精力充沛</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">身材就异于常人</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他身高接近</span> 7 <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">英尺</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">据说他大步前行时</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跟班必须跑步才能跟上他的步伐</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而他要改变俄国的雄心壮志</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">更是不可阻挡</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">他从意大利</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">法国和德国请来建筑师设计城堡</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">宫殿</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">花园</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">采用了当时最时髦的巴洛克式的风格</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所以</span> , <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">圣彼得堡也在后来被称为最不像俄国的俄国城市</span> . <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这完全符合了彼得大帝给这座城市的定位</span> – WINDOW TO THE WEST. <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">俄国</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在彼得大帝的带领之下</span>, <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">开始了摆脱中世纪形象的改革进程</span>. </font></font></p> |
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